Pray, Ayanda! I Need Ma. Please Pray.. Only A Prayer Will

Pray, Ayanda! I need Ma. Please pray. Only a prayer will help us now. Pray, Ayanda! Mxolisi has been shot. He s dead. Do you know that moving... or disposing of the body is a serious offence?#10; - I left him lying there. - You should really consider getting a lawyer. - Mxo! - Zweli. Bra. Mxo! Mxolisi! Doctor, how s it looking? Doctor, I m talking to you! Will he make it? He s lost a lot of blood. He must be admitted at a hospital. - How can he go to the hospital? - I ve managed to stop the bleeding. He needs a blood transfusion. I can t do that in this dirty shack. But they ll ask me a lot of questions. We don t know who s trying to kill us. That s why I ve called you here. Please help me. I ve worked with†¦show more content†¦It s true, they killed that Mdletshe boy. Ma said they didn t kill him. So they didn t kill him. You know what? They did it. The tape is our proof. She and Mxolisi confessed to killing him. Auntie, leave. You don t want her to recover. She needs people who love and support her. Not people who act like they care, when they secretly want her to die. Please leave. Go! I m not going anywhere. Are you okay? - Where am I? - What matters is that you re safe, Mxolisi. No! Don t get up. Don t move. Don t get up. Straighten your legs. Don t move. The doctor said you must stay still. I only remember going to your house. How did I get here? I couldn t keep you there. I don t know who wants you dead. Mxolisi, you have to tell me what s going on. You passed out while I was talking to you. People know where I live. They would ve come to finish you off there. Who shot you? Mxolisi, help me out here. Tell me the truth... so we can go and get them back. Do you hear me? Please, bra. Was it Nongoloza? Mxo, I m talking to you! We re both in trouble. Those guys will kill me too. I have to look over my shoulder. I m always armed because I don t know who it is. I don t know. I don t know what happened. And I don t know who shot me. That means someone hired a hitman. #10; Okay, okay. I won t bring up Nkosinathi s murder. I don t believe you. I promise you, Sipho. - Good morning. - What are you doing here? - I

The Progressive Era - 1781 Words

The progressive era was not the first reform America faced, but it is perhaps one of, if the most important. It was a time that stretched roughly from 1890 to 1920. It was a time of â€Å"progress†. A time where the American people wanted to make America a better country. The people wanted to do away with political corruption; they wanted to fix all problems, especially those economic, social, and political. Progressivism was considered to be an â€Å"umbrella†. Under this â€Å"umbrella† fell labor issues, unsafe work conditions, child labor, no work man’s comp, and the issue of poverty. There was one group of people who truly lead the charge when it came to exposing the corruption in politics and the unsafe work conditions millions of American workers faced. These people were called â€Å"muckrakers†. It was a group of people who adopted the phrase, â€Å"The pin is mightier than the sword.† Muckrakers was a term given to them by Theodore Roosevelt. It was not a complement, it was a derogatory term due to the fact that these people were showing the American public just what was going on in the countries government and in the large companies that most of the people bought their food, and other supplies from. They were early day investigative journalists. They got the name â€Å"Muckrakers† because they would go investigate everything that the American people should know about, like the use of children in the coal mines, or the Monopoly of the Standard Oil Company; these are just a few examples of thatShow MoreRelatedProgressives And The Progressive Era1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe progressive Era was times in History were local state and federal government took a leap forward in power and activism. In addition, the p rogressive era, was a time of development of new reforms and changes for America. Progressivism handles a wide range of problems and struggle for America. Such problems were created by unstructed industrialization, urbanization and immigration. As well as, the unfavorable distribution of power and wealth. Progressives believed strongly that problems such asRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The Era1949 Words   |  8 Pagesshaped the United States throughout all of history. The most important of these changes, however, occurred during America’s progressive era. The Progressive era is defined as the time period of 1890 to 1920. Even though, progressive presidents were not in office during that entire time period, the ideals that they enacted and developed throughout the United States. The Progressive Era saw the expansion and contraction of political and economic freedoms through pure democracy. Socially, the new consumerRead MoreThe Progressive Era 938 Words   |  4 PagesThe Progressive Era was a time period between the years 1900-1920 and it marked a time in American history in which society was bursting with enthusiasm to improve life in the industrial age by making political and social changes through government action that ultimately led to a higher quality of life for American citizens. Progressives were known for their beliefs in limiting the power of big business, strengthening the power of the states, and were advocators against corruption and social injusticeRead MoreThe Progressive Era845 Words   |  4 Pages1--Discuss, in detail, the main overall goals of the Progressives. The Progressive Era was mainly a retaliation to numerous changes and social effects that were happening in America. The era emerged in the 1800’s from complications with the latest industrial order, which included workers who protested about how their jobs were unsafe and exhausting. They also focused on byproducts such as immigration, urban growth, growing corporate power, and widening class divisions. They were also known as humanitariansRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The Revolutionary Era1723 Words   |  7 Pagesthe reformist movement? Why? The root of the Progressive Era comes from the emergence of industrialism in the United States had created some terrible problems and they wanted to work together to change the U.S government. Therefore, address the problems that had come about from the Industrial Revolution. The progressive era was all about making advances in a better society, the feature of democracy during the progressive movement a lot of these progressive at local state levels started to focus on cleaningRead MoreThe Importance Of The Progressive Era1310 Words   |  6 Pages The Progressive era was a time in America’s history when people started to call for the government’s help to face the problems industrialization brought. This era was extremely important because it helped the people achieve better conditions and helped the government to make better use of its powers. One of the most potent groups of progressivists were muckrakers; they used journalism to bring forward problems and injustices in society and the work industry (McKeown). The Triangle Shirtwaist FireRead MoreThe Progressive Movement Of The American Progressive Era1259 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to the American Progressive Era there is really no other movement like it. This was a movement that had not just one but many faces that ranged from people as big as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson to people like Jane Addams that accomplished so much. It was a movement so broad that it encompassed basically everyone and spoke not just to but for all those excluded from power. It also wasn’t just one big movement but a conglomeration of them varying from social, to economic, toRead More The Progressive Era Essay798 Words   |  4 Pagesall power rested with the politicians and businessmen. Reformers known as Progressives attempted to undo the problems caused by industrialization. The Progressive movement sought to end the influence of large corporations, provide more rights and benefits to wor kers, and end the control possessed by party leaders. At the national level, Progressivism centered on defeating the power of large businesses. The Progressive Era was a period in American history in which improving working conditions, exposingRead More The Progressive Era Essay984 Words   |  4 Pages The Progressive Era nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Progressivism in the United States took place in the period between the Spanish-American War and the entry of the United States into the great World War. It was a time for change in America in all walks of life, as well as a time for reform. It was marked by Theodore Roosevelts 7 and a half years in office, the Rough Rider put it upon himself to make the first strides towards reform. These reforms included the cracking down on illegal monopoliesRead MoreThe During The Progressive Era989 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the Progressive Era, various groups responded to the political, social, and economic woes that resulted from the rapid industrialization and urbanization of America during the 19th Century. The mass immigration of foreigners and the northern migration of Africa-Americans led to urban overcrowding and competition for wage-paying jobs. Electric lighting allowed factories to expand the working hours and increase the output of manufactured goods. There was little regulation for employee welfare

And If I Hurt You free essay sample

Behind every beautiful thing, there is some kind of pain -Bob Dylan Cads Theres a good side to getting hurt a lot. .. After a while it Just doesnt bother you as much. You can try your hardest, you can do everything and say everything, but sometimes people Just arent worth trying over anymore They arent worth worrying about. .. Its important to know when to let go of someone who only brings you down. I dont know why your heart doesnt do what your mind tells it to. -Brown Sugar You may have created my past and screwed up my present, but you have no control ever my future. David class And even though the moment just passed me by, I still cant turn away. For once, Instead of telling me the reasons why I shouldnt cry, actually pay attention to the reasons why I am. And if I hurt you, then Im sorry. Please dont think that this was easy. All good things have endings The Get Up Kids Its such a Ill that you should do whats In your heart. If we all did what was In our hearts, the world would come too halt. -my so called life Sometimes I may hate you, but Ill always love you -Adair How do you leave the past behind, when it keeps finding ways to get to your heart?Rent Smile. Its easier than explaining why youre sad. Sometimes bad things happen for no reason, no purpose. They Just occur and were left to pick up the pieces the best we can. Felicity The best way to appreciate something is to be without it for awhile. The truth is, everyones going to hurt you. You Just have to decide who is worth the pain. Sometimes what you want the most youre better off without. There is an end to things no matter how much we want to hold onto them. I dont know if youve ever felt like that. That you wanted to sleep for a thousand years.Or Just not exist. Or Just not be aware that you do exist. Or something like that. I think wanting that is very morbid, but I want it when I get like this. Thats why Im trying not to think. I Just want it all to stop spinning. (the perks of being a wallflower) A person may be in love with someone until the end of time, but if that person doesnt tell their feelings of love, it will Just be another person living a dream, lost of true love. I never knew what I had until the first day it wasnt there. You hurt me so bad, but maybe its my fault, because I stuck around too long.I was lost. There was nobody for me to talk to about all that you were troubling me with. So I sat alone, with everything inside, and cried myself to sleep. Sometimes if you really want to make things work you have to keep you mouth shut and put your hurt aside. I never knew until that moment, what it was like to lose something I never really had. -?The Wonder Years Its easy to let go when holding on hurts so bad. To many of us stay walled because we are afraid to care too much, for fear that the there person does not care as much or not at all.Its sad to think youll never be mine, its even sadder to realize I knew it all the time. And sometimes your heart takes you to places that can never lead to a happy ending. Only the one that hurts you, can make you feel better. Only the one who inflicts the pain, can take it away -?Madonna Our lives are shaped by people who love us and people who refuse to love us. How can it be that two of the greatest friends in the world can go from being each others everything to absolutely nothing? You smile when you feel like crying, you act like youre okay, when youre falling apart inside and you let it go.You move on, because theres nothing else you can do I guess everyone has their reasons for keeping people away, an instinct to protect yourself from getting hurt. Its part of human nature. -? Roswell When you love a person, you are giving them the power to hurt you. And its times like this that I dread When theres everything to say, and nothing left to be said, and it makes me sad. Sometimes you dont realize you care for someone, until they stop caring for you. For all sad words of tongue and pen, the saddest are those that might have been. Letting go does not mean giving up but accepting that there are things that cannot be. I dont want to need you because I know I cant have you. Bridges of Madison County And when you begin to miss me, dont forget it was you who let me go. Nothing hurts more than waiting since I dont even know what Im waiting for anymore. I walk away now with the realization that it will never be the way I want it to be. Absence makes the heart grow fonder, but it sure makes the rest of you lonely. Charlie Brown How can you hide from what never goes away?Sometimes the one love you cant get over, is the one love you really never had. Everything is fine. Couldnt hurt more. Want my advice? Stay mad as long as you can cause once you stop, it hurts like hell. The same wall that shuts others out, is the same wall that shuts you in. Think too much. This is where I say Ive had enough. No one should ever feel the way that I feel now. Has your heart ever wanted to ask something, but your mind was scared of the answer? All I wanted to do was collapse in someones arms and cry today. .. T there wasnt anyone there to catch me. Because of you I dont know how to let anyone else in. Ive finally realized the people that you love who dont love you back are Just another lesson in life its like God is teaching us that there can be so much better than what we thought was the best. The most painful love there is, is the love left unshorn. A love that cannot be expressed, affection left unknown. The love that withholds touching, afraid of what it would say, And the most painful thing about unexpressed love is It never fades away.Sad thing is, you can still love someone, and be wrong for them -Elvis Presley Its absurd, who you love and why, and how you cant turn it off when you desperately want to. Thats the most frightening aspect of loneliness.. . You think youre being damaged while loneliness is happening to you, and the worry amplifies the pain. Douglas Copeland Words hurt more then anything else can, because they last, sometimes forever. It sucks to be alone, even when there are people all around you -Scrubs Sometimes to realize you were well, someone must come along and hurt you.

Edgar Allen Poes The Fall of the House of Usher free essay sample

A look at the use of symbolism in Poes `The Fall of the House of Usher.` In this paper, the author examines the use of symbolism in `The Fall of the House of Usher` and the themes that run throughout the story. The paper takes a look at the the duality of the house which comes to represent family and home. `The genre of Romanticism is essential to cultural and literary history; its popularity can be attributed to humanitys fascination with the dark and unknown and also its profound interest in the pain and downfall of others. Edgar Allan Poe was instrumental in establishing the foundation of Romanticism that is best known today; his works concern themselves primarily with the occult and the enigmas prevalent within the human psyche. His story The Fall of the House of Usher details the psychological and physical demise of the family Usher; Poe translates atmosphere and setting into the characters in the story, and also transfers human qualities into the actual house, which comes to function as a symbol of the Usher family. We will write a custom essay sample on Edgar Allen Poes The Fall of the House of Usher or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The title of the story also represents a duality; ultimately, the house is physically destroyed, as is the family. The house of Usher is clearly the personification of the Usher family; the house symbolizes the Usher familys decline into madness and the eventual demise of the family.`

bla bal Essays - Politics, World Government, Constitution

The main question is-would some kind of international federation under present conditions strengthen the trend for material integration, so as to make of it a general and positive foundation for peace? A federation comes into being for certain specific ends, and for those only. A federation unites, but it also restricts. It rests on a rigid division of powers and functions between territorial authorities which have equal status; and that division is usually and necessarily laid down in a written constitution provided with an armoury of safeguards against its being lightly tampered with. An inter- national federation, to come into being at all, would have to start upon a very narrow basis and very rigid arrangements as to form and functions; and the reluctance to allow these to be disturbed would be correspondingly deeper In an international federation every adaptation, every amendment, would have to pass the gauntlet of jealous discussions between countries which have newly come together and differ in their political background. Even in agreed common matters the pace is that of the slowest member of the federation; issues which divide deeply have to be skirted. But in our time conditions and needs and problems are apt to change rapidly. The constitution would have to be continuously adapted, or the difficulty of doing this would hobble the life and government of the federation. . The explanation may be found in a recent article on sovereignty by Professor Levin,2 a leading Soviet jurist, who uses this very argument-that any and every people must be free to transform its social organization with full power of its own to do so, and without external interference or complications. Professor Levin is obviously right in assuming that this would not be possible under some rigid and comprehensive form of political association. If a federal House cannot be half free and half slave, neither can it be half capi- talist and half communist. Every attempt at deep change in one part would put in jeopardy the persistence of the whole; for the alternative would appear to the legalists as disruption, and to the reformers as stagnation When the present federations came into being, their chief central functions were common defence and foreign policy. If Governments have the welfare of their own peoples at heart they could let such organizations get to work; and if the organizations are successful and their number grows, world government will gradually evolve through their performance. From the point of view of normal daily life, to quote the late Professor Hobhouse, "the life of a community may be regarded as the sum of the functions performed by its members." And con- versely, one might add, the performance of a number of common functions is the way to create a normal community. If one were to visualize a map of the world showing economic and social activities, it would appear as an intricate web of interests and relations crossing and recrossing political divisions-not a fighting map of States and frontiers, but a map pulsating with the realities of everyday life. They are the natural basis for international organizations: and the task is to bring that map, which is a functioning reality, under joint international government, a t least in its essential lines. The political lines will then in time be overlaid and blurred by this web of joint relations and administration

The setting of a Christmas carol Essays

The setting of a Christmas carol Essays The setting of a Christmas carol Paper The setting of a Christmas carol Paper Essay Topic: A Christmas Carol How does Dickens set the scene for the appearance in Jacob Maryles Ghost in stave 1 of a Christmas carol? Dickens immediately sets the scene by writing a forceful, yet mysterious beginning to the first scene. Marley was dead to begin with The effect of this opening is startling and also shocking. This is a very unusual way to open a story. Also this is a question to his death, so he is dead but could come into the story later. Dickens exaggerates this point of that Marley is dead and is very repetitive in this manor. So this makes the reader ask themselves why the writer is doing this and repeating such a bold point. But then dickens puts the reader back into reality Old Marley was as dead as a doornail. So this reassures the reader that Marley is dead and also dickens has used a simile with alliteration. The use of alliteration emphasises the meanings of words so that the word compared to the object is bolder. Introduction. Charles Dickens was born in 1812. His father worked for the navy pay office. So Dickens s early life gave him plenty of chances to see life on and around the Thames. He attended a small school until he was eleven, when he and his family decided to move to London. His family contained himself, five other children and his mother and father. His father wasnt bringing enough money so his mother thought she could get a job but this was not meant to be. The family had to sell all the books they had collected and other valuable household items to a pawnshop. When Charles turned twelve so his parents where leased to find Charles a job at a blacking factory. This would be a very dirty un hygienic place to work but this was life. This was a big warehouse, which was decaying and full of rats. Paragraph 2. In the next scene of the book, dickens uses his second technique, which describes Scrooge by his physical features. Dickens describes scrooge so bad that he intends it for us to dislike scrooge, the type of description is so inhumane that we think of him as a creature. The cold within him froze his old features, nipped his pointed nose, shrivels his cheek, stiffened his gait, made his eyes red and made his thin lips blue. This helps the reader picture a disgusting and strange looking man who is incredible ungiving. Dickens describes Scrooge by writing what Scrooges action are. Scrooge never painted out old Marleys name therefor this could show that Scrooge is so stubborn to buy and paint the board outside of his business. Dickens also describes scrooge in a different way, which is when he uses a verb chain. This also describes scrooge in a bolder way so it portrays him in a meaner way. This is effective because this is exaggerated to the extreme, so that scrooge is discovered to be how mean he is. Scrooge is compared to an oyster and this is such a good comparison. This is because oysters have very hard ugly shells but they have a pearl, which is pretty inside. This could mean that scrooge has a outer shell which means hes argent, horrible and stubborn, but inside he could have a better giving side to him. Also the theme of redemption is introduced here because at Christmas people look back on the year and try to change the bad ways they have done, so the reader may be thinking of this. Paragraph 3 A further method by which Dickens prepares us for the ghostly vision of Marleys face on Scooges door is how he describes the setting outside Scrooges counting house. In the next scene dickens describes the setting of a Christmas carol. Dickens uses the fact that Marley is dead and describes the setting in an unusual way. First dickens describes the setting as dark, damp and gloomy. This is a very different contrast to a normal Christmas, which is light, snowy and sunny. The reader wonders why dickens does this, because this is totally opposite to what Christmas is really like. Another technique that dickens uses is personification It was cold, bleak, biting weather. This doesnt really happen because the cold isnt really biting scrooge its that it is so cold it feels as if you are being bitten.

Moto Car Manufacturers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9500 words

Moto Car Manufacturers - Essay Example Moto a renowned car manufacturing company aims at improving the overall performance by the inclusion of knowledge management systems. This paper aims at developing a knowledge management strategy for the company. The paper will firstly provide an overview of the company, which will permit a thorough understanding of the company, based on which the strategy will be created. This will be followed by an explanation of the research methodology that has been used for this research. The paper will also detail the limitations of the research and how these limitations have been overcome as well. Furthermore, the paper will deal with the findings of the research in terms of the company and the industry that it deals within. A literature review of the main topic of focus, i.e. knowledge management will be discussed further. Based on this and the research that has been conducted a set of recommendations have been drawn out for Moto car manufacturers. Â  The company in focus here is MOTO. MOTO is a China-based major car manufacturer. The headquarters and the production facilities of the company are based out of China. The company also has its assembly plants in China, Australia, America, and Scotland. The company deals with the production of five models of cars. The models that the company deals with the area) small compact vehicle, b) medium-sized saloon, c) large saloon, d) multi-purpose vehicle, and e) large Off Road 4x4/SUV. Â  Moto has been in the industry for over thirty-five years and has been able to create a goodwill and good reputation among the customers. The company is known for the excellent employment conditions that it provides, along with the low staff turnover that the company has in the assembly plants. The company has a number of policies which it follows for the contribution to the local community.

United States, Petitioner v. Xavier Alvarez Essay

United States, Petitioner v. Xavier Alvarez - Essay Example He justified the work by saying to have been acknowledged by the Congressional Medal of Honor while, in essence, this was not true. In addition, he had not worked for the military forces. Evidently, a federal law under the Stolen Valor Act of 2005 criminalizes lying regarding military decorations. Apart from protecting the name of the institution, the Act protected the valor of the actual people who had the ward. The military is a sensitive government body that should not have its name used to impress or gain respect. By claiming to have worked and got a reward from the Congressional Medal of Honor, he committed an offense punishable by the United States law. If everybody is allowed to falsely claim an award in every institution, what will be the integrity of the wards? What role will they play to the actual people receiving them? Will it be a motivation or a formality because we cannot differentiate between the real holders and false one? These questions make Xavier Alvarez guilty for violating the Stolen Valor Act of 2005. Undeniably, United States v. Cabrales stipulates that a person can only be charged after committing an offense. On the other hand, the first amendment right entitles everybody to a freedom of speech as in the case United States v. Stevens. The rights stipulate that people have the right to speak liberally without intrusion from the government. Interestingly, the amendment has limit of speech to obscenity, incitement, child pornography, true threats, criminal conduct or deformation. The question, therefore, is whether Stolen Valor Act protects lies about the military or it infringes and restricts speech with regards to its content. Before pointing a finger to Xavier Alvarez, it is important to assess if the law is restrictive or constitutional. In conclusion, the case Lane v. Franks, the Supreme Court questions the extent of free speech with regards to qualified

Globalisation and Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Globalisation and Democracy - Essay Example There is no doubt that since the nineties of XX century, the term "globalization† has become the most prevalent in the global politics and political science. There is no need to dwell on those objective preconditions, which caused the appearance of the given term. Suffice it to list only the most significant ones. They are the growing internationalization of markets of goods and services, as well as the growth of financial interdependence between countries and regions, and uniformization of political regimes on the basis of the almost universal acceptance of democratic governance and the associated incidence of common culture (mass culture) models and patterns of consumption, and hitherto unprecedented development of informatization and communication, allowing to reduce the spatial and temporal boundaries between people, nations and states. With all the objective fullness of the given concept, which does not allow to doubt the existence and development of this process in the mo dern world, its rationale, interpretation and prediction in global political science, there is quite strong subjective beginning in it. It is connected on the one hand, with everyone’s inherent striving to simplify and speed up all the positive phenomena of reality in order to have time to enjoy their outcomes during lifetime. On the other hand, such subjectivity in the interpretation of globalization is associated with the exploitation of people’s natural psychological needs by worldwide mass media in order to ensure the individual interests of certain groups of countries, united by such concept as "developed". As a rule, political observers tend to perceive a certain inferiority of post-totalitarian countries’ democratic systems, their non-conformity to Western standards, due to their communist past. Certainly, the development of democracy in post-communist countries, where historical continuity and even cultural tradition were distorted by more than 70-year p eriod of revolution and state violence, has its own characteristic shortcomings. Liberalization of the economy in post-communist countries failed to provide a deep structure of property relations (as in Poland or Hungary), as well as led to a huge social stratification of society on the poor and the rich (when the income gap reaches a ratio of 1:50). This situation is fraught with social and political instability, and, most importantly, it absolutely falls out of the context of European democracy. Those phenomena that are considered to be an unfortunate results of economic liberalization in developed Western countries and its unavoidable costs, serve as the norm for the post-communist countries, almost as a brand name of democracy. In reality, such increased economic inequality (with a concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a small group of oligarchs) constitutes a menace to democratic development and is an attributive sign of third world countries. In accordance with a m ajority of sociological researches, globalization and informatization lead not only to the internationalization and intensify interaction between different countries and civilizations, but at the same time cause various kinds of crises in less developed countries and regions. (Jagdish Bhagwati 2004). These trends, previously outlined by Samuel Huntington in his article "The Clash of

Evidence Based Practice in Nursing Essay

Evidence Based Practice in Nursing Essay Introduction Evidence based practice is a complex experience that requires synthesizing study findings to establish the best research evidence and correlate ideas to form a body of empirical knowledge (Burns Grove 2007). There are many definitions but the most commonly used is Sackett et al (1996). Sackett et al (1996) as cited in Pearson, Field, Jordon, (2007) describes evidence based practice: â€Å"the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best available evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The practice of evidence based medicine means integrating individual clinical experience with the best available external evidence from systematic research†. (Sackett et al 1996 page 5). The author will discuss the importance of evidence for practice, different types and levels of evidence. The research process, dissemination of evidence, barriers and will conduct a critique of two research articles. The importance of evidence based practice is to enable nurses to provide high quality care, improve outcomes for patient and families and to run a more efficient health service. Therefore other agencies within the health service will benefit when interventions and care is based on research (Burns Grove 2007). According to the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) code nurses are accountable to society to provide a high quality of care so therefore it is important that nurses reflect, evaluate the care and keep abreast of new knowledge and evidence that is available (Burns Grove 2007). Providing a streamlined service, which is cost effective and based on current evidence based practice has shown to reduce cost but also to enhances the quality of care the patient receives (Melnyk et al2010). Working in partnership with the nurse the patient is able to participate in decisions about their care. This is not only beneficial for the patient but also increases the satisfaction of the nurse treating the patient (Craig Smyth 2007). Furthermore Craig Smyth (2007) suggests evidence based practice is a problem-solving approach to the delivery of health care. In using a problem solving approach the nurse is able to integrate clinician expertise and patient preferences to provide individualized care suitable for the patient. To acquire knowledge in the past, nurses have relied on decisions based on trail or error, personal experience, tradition and ritual. Parahoo (2006) suggests learning by tradition and ritual are important means of transferring knowledge, for example learning the ward routine. According to Brooker and Waugh (2007) Students learn from effective colleagues who practice safety and on the basis of best evidence. However, a disadvantage of this method of learning may lead to transmission of invalid information and may put the patient and nurse at risk (Brooker Waugh 2007). According to Burns and Grove (2007) to generate knowledge a variety of research methods are needed. The two different research methods are quantitative and qualitative. According to Burns and Grove (2007) quantitative research is an objective formal systematic process and demonstrates its findings in numerical data. According Munhall (2001) qualitative research is gathering information to describe life experiences throu gh a systematic and subjective approach and does not use figures or statistics to produce findings. In nursing practice the quantitative approach has been considered to provide stronger evidence than qualitative (Pearson, Field, Jordon, 2007). Pearson, Field, Jordon (2007) suggest health professionals and servicer users require a variety of information to facilitate change and to include evidence not only of effectiveness but feasibility, appropriateness and meaningfulness to achieve evidence based health care practice. Evidence based practice promotes the application of research evidence as a basis on which to make health care decisions so it is important to search for the truth and knowledge logically. Robust research which may draw on expertise and experience represent a higher level of evidence because of the discipline involved (Burns Grove 2007). There are thirteen steps in the quantitative research process and one step gradually builds on another (Burns Grove2007). The beginning of the research process starts with a problem which usually highlights a gap in knowledge (Melnyk Fine-Overholt 2005). The next step is the purpose of the research. This is produced from the problem and identifies the aim of the study (Burns Grove2007). To build a picture up of what is known or not known about the problem a literature review is conducted. This will provide current theoretical and scientific knowledge about the problem and highlight gaps in the knowledge base (Burns Grove 2007). This is followed by the study framework and research objectives, questions and hypotheses. This continues to the end till all the steps are covered. The final step is the research outcome. Hierarchy of evidence is generated from the quality of information from different evidence. Practitioners are able to use the hierarchy of evidence to inform them on which information is most likely to have the maximum impact on clinical decisions (Leach 2006). Leach (2006) suggests hierarchy of evidence may be used to discover research findings that supersede and invalidate earlier accepted treatments and change them with interventions that are safer, efficient and cost-effective. If findings from a controlled trial are inadequate, choices should be guided by the next best available evidence (Leach 2006). According to Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN 2009) the revised grading system is planned to place greater weight on the quality of the evidence supporting each recommendation, and to highlight that the body of evidence should be considered as a whole, and not rely on a single study to support each recommendation. The grading system currently in use with the SIGN guidelines starts with 1++ and ends in 4. For the evidence to be rated at 1++ it must include a high quality meta-analyses, systematic reviews of random controlled trails (RCT) or RCT with a low risk of bias. Level 4 is based on expert opinion (SIGN 2009). There are many barriers to implementing evidence based practice. One of the common barriers is staff information and skill deficit. Health professionals lack of knowledge in regarding results of clinical research or current recommendations may not have the sufficient technical training skill or expertise to implement change (Pearson, Field, Jordon 2007). Nurses have also highlighted lack of time as a barrier in applying research to practice. As the number of patients increases nurses face the challenge of providing safe, high-quality care within a short time frame. Nurse educators and researchers have developed a â€Å"toolkit† to ease the implementation of evidence based practice into nursing (Smith, Donez Maghiaro 2007). According to Gerrish and Lacey (2006) dissemination is a process of informing people about the results of a particular research. There are many ways to present results, video, seminars and the most accepted is through professional journals. However with the internet being more assessable the researcher is able to post details on the website hosted by NHS trust or university. One disadvantage in using the internet is that it provides no guarantee of quality (Gerrish Lacey 2006). SIGN guidelines are circulated free of charge throughout Nation Health Service (NHS) Scotland. For this to happen they must be made widely available as soon as possible to facilitate implementation. Furthermore guidelines on their own have proved ineffective and more likely if they are disseminated by active educational intervention and implemented by patient-specific reminders relating directly to professional activity (SIGN 2009). Critique 1 Rydstrom I, Dalheim-Englund A, Holritz-Rasmussen B, Moller C, Sandman P-O (2005). Asthma quality of life for Swedish children.Journal of Clinical Nursing 14, 739-749. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. As the title suggests this was a research to find out how Swedish children with asthma experience their quality of life and to look for potential links between their experience of quality of life and some determinants. This study was accomplished by using a quantitative research approach which adhered to the aims and objectives. Quantitative research is formal, objective, systematic inquiry that involves numerical data (Burns Grove 2007). The two stages used in the quantitative research were correlation and quasi-experimental (Burns Grove 2007). This is an acceptable method to use as the study was trying to explore the relationship between two variables and the findings were produced in a numerical format. In previous literature it was noted investigations in children with asthma around the world all had similar experiences (Rydstrom et al2005).It also highlighted that girls and boys perceived asthma in a different way and girls were more likely to include asthma in their social and personal identities where boys would exclude the condition (Williams 2000). The researchers wanted to ask the children how they experience their life living with asthma. Also to look at possible links between childrens quality of life and determinants such as age, sex, pets, siblings, location and social status (Rydstrom et.al. 2005). Some common types of sampling used in quantitative research are random and non-random samples (Burns and Grove 2007). In the article for the purpose of this study all hospitals and clinics were used and fifteen were chosen randomly for the study (Rydstrom et al2005). Both children and parents were asked to participate in the study but children had to meet the inclusion criteria before being selected (Rydstrom et al2005). By using a random sample the general population becomes representative of the larger whole (Parahoo 2006). Validity was established by cross-matching Paediatric Asthma Quality of life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) with About my Asthma (AMA), by Mishoe et.al.(1998). Warschburger (1998) recommended that PAQLQ was a reliable instrument and Reichenberg Brogerg (2000) found that there was no difference concerning reliability between the Swedish and the original PAQLQ. The study was approved by The Ethics Committee at the Medical Faculty of Umea University in Sweden and consent was received from parents and children. Burns and Grove (2007) define sampling as a process of selecting groups of people who are representative of the population. Data was collected through self administration questionnaires. There advantages and disadvantages in using questionnaires. Advantage firstly, the data is gathered is standardised and therefore easy to analyse. Secondly, respondents can answer anonymously which may produce more honest answers. A disadvantage is the responses may be inaccurate especially through misinterpretation of questions in self completing questionnaires. (Gerrish Lacey 2006). Children age seven to seventeen were required to fill in Paediatric Asthma Quality of life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) which was used to measure the childrens quality of life in different domains. Parents were required to fill in Paediatric Asthma Caregivers Quality of life Questionnaire (PACQLQ) (Rydstrom et al2005). Children and parents filled in questionnaires separately and a nurse was on hand to help children who could not manage on their own. The researchers clearly identify what statistical tests were undertaken. However the results are presented in a complex manner. The results showed the majority of children estimated their quality of life at the positive end of the scale. Children reported impairment in the domain of activities than emotions and symptoms for example not being able to run around. Living in the south of Sweden and being a boy were reported to have a better quality of life. Furthermore children living with a Mum over forty or with cohabiting parents had a better quality of life (Rydstrom et al2005). The researchers brought to the attention of the reader the laminations within the study. Children view friends and their social environment being important to them however there were no questions relating to this and also it did not take into consideration the childs stage of development (Rydstrom et al2005). Also the research was done within a week, therefore would the results be different if it was done over a longer period. This was not a controlled research so there is a possibility that some data may be missing as nobody was checking to see if the children had filled in all the questions. The findings highlight it is important for the nurse to look at all aspects of the child development. Furthermore caring tends to focus on the patients limitations, another important issue for nurses is to try to discover those aspects in a childs daily life that contribute to a high QoL in order to improve and maintain the childs wellbeing. Critique 2 Lyte, Milnes, Keating Finke 2007. Review management for children with asthma in primary care: a qualitative case study.Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness in association with Journal of Clinical Nursing 16, 7b, pp123-132 As the title suggests this research article will focus on review management for children with asthma within a primary care setting. This study was accomplished by using a qualitative case study design. In using a qualitative case study design it can provide much more comprehensive information than what is available through other methods, such as surveys (Neale, Thapa Boyce 2006). Neale, Thapa Boyce (2006) suggest case studies also allow one to present data collected from multiple methods (i.e., surveys, interviews, document review, and observation) to provide the complete story. Qualitative research is systematic, subjective approach (Burns Grove 2007) which describes life experiences, meanings, practices and views of those involved (Craig Smyth 2007). In the UK one in eight children suffers from the effects of asthma and the majority of cases are now being managed in the primary care setting (National Asthma Campaign 2001). With improvement in management of asthma over the years there is still a high level of morbidity and mortality (Lyte et al2005). Out of Sight, Out of Mind (Asthma UK 2005) agrees with Lyte et al(2005) that death rates are high. In Scotland the death rates due to asthma vary each year. Furthermore inquires have shown at least 90% of those deaths could have been avoided. However child admissions to hospital due to asthma have fallen slightly (Out of Sight, Out of Mind Asthma UK 2005). Furthermore it was highlighted through a systematic review of literature published at the time of research that it was unknown whether primary care based asthma clinics were effective. Additionally it concluded that patients views on asthma clinics were also unknown (Fay et al2003). One cannot ignore the fact that there are evident gaps in generic knowledge of primary care asthma services for children in the UK (Lyte et al2005). Therefore the aim of the study is to investigate current review management of childrens asthma in one primary care trust and to consider the views of children, their parents/carers and the role of the practice nurse in asthma care in one primary care trust (Lyte et al2005). For the purpose of this research Lyte et al(2005) used purposive sampling to gather information. Craig Smyth (2007) suggests there are various methods can be applied to data collection. Lyte et al(2005) used interviews, observations and reviews of available documentation regarding asthma (Artefactual). In using this type of sampling the researchers can be specific on the groups they wanted to target. However they may be an element of bias as the practice nurse selected the parents and children for this research. To strengthen the research the researchers used triangulated methods for data collection. According to Craig Smyth (2007) the theory behind triangulation if multiple sources, methods, investigators or theories provide similar findings their creditability is strengthened. The study was approved by the Local Research Ethics Committee and the Universitys Senate Ethics Committee. Throughout the research during the data collection consent was treated as an ongoing process. However there was difficulty in communicating with children. To solve this problem, when meeting with the children the researchers would go through the informed consent and voluntary participation again. Confidentially of all participants were protected and guaranteed by the Data Protection Act. Children expressed a wish to participate and share information in the research (Lyte et al 2005). However some children felt through the research of not being involved. Lyte et al (2005) suggested it is the childs personality that determines how much response the practice nurse receives. It is often said good communication in nursing is crucial and is the foundation of building trust and encourages children to seek advice. It is important to communicate with children appropriately to match the stage of development (The Common Core of Skills Knowledge 2010). Ultimately effective communication allows for the exchange of information, needs and preferences of the patient between herself and the patient (The Common Core of Skills Knowledge 2010). However Hobbs (1995) suggests that some practice nurses may not have the training in regarding complexities of caring for children and their families. One cannot deny that it is important for practitioners to have the appropriate training (Alde rson 2000) because children have equal rights to contribute to their care as well as adults (Save the Children 1997). It was noted that children did not have sufficient knowledge about asthma. Furthermore parents and children highlighted that there was insufficient information on asthma in the primary care setting. For children and adults to make informed choices regarding their asthma they require having up to date information to help them in making decisions. Equally in one practice it was identify that the practice nurse lack confidence in caring for children with asthma and Hobbs (1995) confirms this lack of confidence and points out that practice nurses deal with arrange of illnesses. Parents and children in the study both agreed that one area for improvement was the waiting room (Lyte 2005). Some children may find going to the doctor a very frightening experience. The first expression needs to be reassuring and non-threatening. (Making Your Waiting Room Kid-Friendly 2006). The waiting room should be child friendly and also have books, television/video for older children. With todays technology many children use computers in the classroom. Some computer programs are touch-screen driven, making them friendly to all levels. Providing a computer in the waiting room may be ideal opportunity to encourage children to show off their technical skills by accessing the computer for health-related information (Making Your Waiting Room Kid-Friendly 2006). It might be concluded from this research the strengths outweigh the weaknesses, despite the research being conducted in one primary care trust. The most satisfactory conclusion that can come from this, to facilitate children and parents a comprehensive package of care needs to be put in place in order to manage their asthma effectively. References Burns N, Grove S, (2007). Understand Nursing Research, Building an Evidence-BasedPractice. Fourth Ed Craig J V, Smyth R L (eds). (2007). The Evidence-Based Practice Manual for Nurses. China: Churchhill Livingstone Elsevier. Leach M J (2006). Evidence -based practice: A framework for clinical practice and research design. International Journal of Nursing Practice. 12, pp 248-251 Lyte, Milnes, Keating Finke 2007. Review management for children with asthma in primary care: a qualitative case study.Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness in association with Journal of Clinical Nursing 16, 7b, pp123-132 Melnyk, Mazurek , Fineout-Overholt, Ellen, Stillwell, Susan, Williamson, (2010). Evidence-Based Practice: Step by Step: The Seven Steps of Evidence-Based Practice. AJN, American Journal of Nursing: January 2010 Volume 110 Issue 1 pp 51-53 Mishoe SC, Baker RR, Poole S, Harrell LM, Arrant CB Rupp NT (1998). Development of an instrument to assess stress levels and quality of life in children with asthma.Journal of Asthma 35, 553-563. Munhal (2001) cited in Burns N, Grove S, (2007). Understand Nursing Research, Building an Evidence-BasedPractice. Fourth Ed Questionnaires a brief introduction [online]. (2006) [Accessed 15th March]. Available from: . Reichenberg K Broberg AG (2000) Quality of life in childhood asthma: use of the paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire in a Swedish sample of children 7-9 yearsold. Acta Paediatrica 89, 989-995. Roberts P et al(2006). Reliability and Validity in research. Nursing Standard. 20,44, 41-45 Rydstrom I, Dalheim-Englund A, Holritz-Rasmussen B, Moller C, Sandman P, (2004). Asthma quality of life for Swedish children. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 14, pp739-749. Sackett et al (1996) pp 5 cited in Pearson A, Field J, Jordan Z (eds). (2007). Evidence-Based Clinical Practice in Nursing and Health Care. Singapore: Blackwell Publishing. Williams (2000) cited in Rydstrom I, Dalheim-Englund A, Holritz-Rasmussen B, Moller C, Sandman P, (2004). Asthma quality of life for Swedish children. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 14, pp739-749. Warschburger P (1998) Measuring the quality of life of children and adolescents with asthma The pediatric asthma quality of life questionnaire.Rehabilitation 37, XVII-XXIII.

plotlear Importance of the Subplot in Shakespeares King Lear :: King Lear essays

Importance of the subplot in King Lear "Why bastard wherefore base?" asks Edmund. The bitter illegitimate son resents his father and brother. He is determined to "prosper" and "grow." Ruthlessly, he plays on old Gloucester's weakness and persuades him that Edgar seeks his death to obtain his inheritance. Edgar, being told that Gloucester seeks his life for some reason, flees. With Edgar thus removed, Edmund now seeks to destroy his father and reports his alleged "treason" to Cornwall who removes the old man's eyes. The bastard has travelled far and is now Earl of Gloucester. Sought in love by both Goneril and Regan, victorious in battle over Cordelia's forces, Edmund's future seems assured. Alas, the discovery of Goneril's letter urging Edmund to kill her husband Albany leads to his arrest. Edgar in disguise fights Edmund, who is defending his honour and is mortally wounded - "the wheel has come full circle". Gloucester, realising the wrong he has done to Edgar, yet joyful he is alive, dies. Edgar joins Albany in ruling the country. So skillfully has Shakespeare intertwined the two plots, beginning in Act II at Gloucester's castle and ending in the alliance of Edgar and Albany, that is is difficult to separate them. Gloucester, like Lear, suffers from filial ingratitude. It is in his castle that Lear is humiliated by his daughters and flees into the storm. Gloucester's sympathy helps Lear to Dover to meet Cordelia, yet leads to his own blindness and his going to Dover for suicide. Edgar becomes embroiled in the main plot when, disguised as a madman, he meets Lear on the heath. His destruction of Oswald, Goneril's steward and his defeat of Edmund in the duel leading to Edmund admitting he has given secret orders for the execution of Lear and Cordelia, together with his alliance with Albany, all relate him to the main plot. However, it is - appropriately enough - the corrupt Edmund who becomes most entangled with the main plot. Ambition drives him into Cornwall's hands, and to his double involvement with Goneril and Regan.

Cold War Literature – The Spy Who Came in from the Cold, Waiting for Godot, and Red Alert

The period of Cold War literature dating from the second half of the twentieth century is distinctly seen as a time of enduring relevance; marked with a deep moral questioning of morality and the institution, a heightened sense of paranoia, as well as with a firm shattering of religious persuasion. Significant texts arise from particular ways of thinking to reflect both a societal loss of innocence and social naivety, presenting a widely pessimistic picture of a civilisation awaiting imminent annihilation. A strong reaction to the context of After the Bomb, which created a sense of fragmentation and social alienation, the Cold War texts of The Spy Who Came in From the Cold by John Le Carre, Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett, and Peter Georges’ Red Alert all arise from particular ways of thinking evident in the philosophical, religious, economic and technological paradigms of the period and thus they possess an enduring relevance.Could Cold War Have Been Avoided? The questions surrounding both the reasoning and necessity of the dropping of two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki arguably surround the most significant moral debate of the twentieth century and it is in this context, that George’s Red Alert and The Spy Who Came in From the Cold by Le Carre, explore the philosophical reasonings of morality. The Spy who came in From the Cold raises such concerns as it shatters illusions of the previously perceived ‘noble cause'. This is evidenced as Control briefs Leamus when he rationalises that â€Å"the ethic of our work†¦ we do disagreeable things†¦ we are defensive†. This not only causes the reader to question the â€Å"ethic† of intelligence operations but also to compare the actions of both the East and the West throughout the novel. Additionally the emphasis of the italicised â€Å"defensive† highlights the belief that such operations cause concern, as the manipulation and deception of others by the Circus causes the readers to weigh up the â€Å"ethics†. This is highlighted especially as it becomes apparent that the British are instigating the protection of a former Nazi, another scenario raising concerns of morality. Control then says that â€Å"intelligence work has one moral law – it is justified by results†. Control, as suggested by his title, hold considerable power which The use of â€Å"law† suggests a concrete framework of standards and expectations, which is not only unrealistic within an intelligence setting, but also a complete untruth, Control having just said that they are â€Å"defensive†. Additionally the issue of amorality surfaces within the conversation between Control and Leamus as the reader questions whether the â€Å"results† justify the means. Likewise, when Fielder interrogates Leamus there is a discussion about philosophical and ideological beliefs of British and East German intelligence agents. Fielder believes in that â€Å"the whole is more important than the individual†. This statement, explicit and direct, emphasises options of morality for both. Similarly, perhaps as a justification, it is also said that â€Å"it is expedient that one man should die for the benefit of many†. Apart from a criticising intelligence work, Le Carre also questions both the direction and morality/amorality of humanity itself. Through the use of â€Å"benefit†, the reader is forced to ask if any death is a â€Å"benefit† to society, allowing contextual components to come into play. Similarly, George’s Red Alert as a text is characterised by intensified questioning of humanity and human values. The sustained metaphor likening General Quinten to the mongoose who kills the snake from Rudyard Kipling’s Rikki Tikki Tavi spans most of the novel. The juxtaposition of Rikki Tikki Tavi with General Quinten highlights the debate surrounding â€Å"aggression for self-defence†, which juxtaposes both scenarios in irony. Another philosophical facet of Red Alert is the validity and morality of the institution. This is a particularly potent issue shown through the rare satirical undercurrent of the Pentagon War Room. Satire is used by George throughout the meetings of â€Å"big bomb diplomacy† as leaders from East and West throw around moral questions of whether there is a difference in killing â€Å"thirty millions or sixty millions†. This, in addition to the granting of permission to destroy an un-evacuated Atlantic city so that â€Å"few would have to suffer for the sake of many† highlights contempt for political institutions making decisions for the world, who through the use of alliteration are â€Å"powerless to prevent†. This also relates to Fiedler’s belief in that it is â€Å"expedient that one man should die for the benefit of many†. Thus through the questioning of morality in Cold War society, both Le Carre and George, present texts which both depict highly differing perspectives of their surrounding world and which are, to a large extent shaped by the particular ways of thinking present at the time. Thus both texts possess an enduring relevance through the challenging of ideas such as morality and the presence of seeming amorality. The Cold War era was one of permeating anxiety, vulnerability and fear especially pertaining to the fatal flaws of science, as well as to those attributed to the human condition as conveyed in Peter George’s Red Alert and Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot. Winston Churchill’s 1946 Sinews of Peace alleged that â€Å"with cooperation†¦in science†¦there will be an overwhelming sense of security†[1]. Red Alert is a text, seemingly devoted to the disproving of this affirmation. The novel invalidates the â€Å"safety† of the machine, particularly through the ironic repetition of the acronym for Mutually Assured Destruction, MAD. Similarly, the religious imagery of explosives â€Å"crossed and recrossed in a lethal pattern† is both symbolic of the danger and fatality of nuclear technology, and foreboding of the â€Å"self-immolation [of] their destined end† – a reference to the perceived martyrdom of the appropriately named Alabama Angel bombers. In 1961, John F Kennedy stated â€Å"the world is living under a nuclear sword of Damocles which can be cut by accident, miscalculation, or madness. †[2] It seems the fatal flaw of technology, as conveyed in Red Alert, is human nature. This is particularly evident as â€Å"no system yet devised is proof against any and all human failings†¦the human element has failed us† which again plays on the threat of technology as well as alludes to the existing atmosphere of paranoia prevalent throughout both the novel, and the Cold War period. Similarly, in Waiting for Godot â€Å"Beckett is concerned with†¦demythification, with exposing myths such as†¦science†[3]. Through absurdism, Beckett conveys the â€Å"dark summation† of the human condition with compassion and humour. The seeming nothingness of the existence and experience of all characters in the play can be distressing for the audience, who are presented with a disillusioned, harsh depiction of their world. This is somewhat symbolic of the realities of the human condition in relation to despair, fear and loneliness in an alien and hostile universe. Additionally, the relentless cycle experienced as Vladimir says â€Å"we’ll be back tomorrow†¦ then the day after†¦and so on† creates both pity but also fear for the audience especiallyu as Estragon asks â€Å"why don’t you help me? , thus appealing to Vladimir but also the audience who are both powerless to offer help and protection. It is thus evidenced in both Waiting for Godot and Red Alert, that the fear and paranoia depicted in both texts is to a large extent a reflection of the ways of thinking of the time. The impact of the political context of the Cold War in clearly evident in Le Carre’s The Spy Who Cam e in from the Cold, however, in Samuel Beckett’s play Waiting for Godot, although still existent, the political influence and ways of thinking is somewhat more subtle. The Cold War era is often characterised by deceit, manipulation and betrayal, thus challenging values of honour and loyalty as society learnt of defections and double agents. The idea of manipulation, perhaps an illusion to political manipulation, is conveyed strongly in The Spy who came in from the Cold particularly through the use of repeating images of children, which appear throughout the text as symbols of innocence, easily swayed by others. The manipulation of Liz in the courtroom â€Å"like a blind child† conveys the potential control over interpretation through the suppression of context. The simile not only likens Liz to the ideas of innocence and naivety but also raises the question of whether there can be truth without context. Similarly, the novel sustains repetition of an image haunting Leamus; that of a â€Å"small car smashed between great lorries and the children waving cheerfully through the window†. The obvious conclusion drawn by readers is of the lorries as a metaphor for the ideological conflict between East and West, communism and democracy. The small car on the other hand has numerous connotations potentially being Leamus, society in general as a helpless unit, or even the opposing nations caught in between the ideological forces. The â€Å"children waving cheerfully† presents an image of innocence, and lack of awareness, a stark contrast to the looming lorries. Thus, The Spy Who Came in from the Cold reflects, to a very large extent the political atmosphere of the Cold War, and thus possesses enduring relevance as a depiction of reality for many throughout the era. Thus, the particular ways of thinking present throughout the Cold War period largely influenced the composition of The Spy Who Came in from the Cold, Waiting for Godot, and Red Alert. The permeating philosophical, scientific, political and religious paradigms give all three texts an enduring relevance in the modern, twenty-first century context.

The Lamb essays

The Lamb essays William Blake was born on 1757. He grew up in the middle of London. Since Blake lived in a bad part of the neighborhood, he was poorly educated. Around the age of ten his father had enough money to send him to drawing school and then at fourteen he became an engraver. Blake realized that he was not any good at being artistic. Starting in 1778 Blake began making a living by giving booksellers and publishers with copperphte engravings. In Blakes later years he began to write The Gates of Paradise, and The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. As he grew older, he became more involved in his religion. William published The Lamb, The Tiger, and The Sick Rose toward the end of his life. William Blake uses symbolism in The Lamb, The Tiger, and The Sick Rose. In the poem called The Lamb, the lamb symbolizes innocence. The lamb also symbolizes the forgiveness of sin. The lamb is like a little innocent child. The creator is shy and mild in his ways, which makes him seem like a little child. So the creator symbolizes the innocent lamb. Which means the creator is actually like the lamb. The creator wants to be like the lamb in one way or the other. In the poem called The Tiger, the tiger symbolizes the wrath of God. The tiger also symbolizes punishment of sin. The tiger is evil, deceiving, and conniving but the tiger is very experienced. Experience is one of the traits that helps the tiger with all of his bad traits. The tiger is the evil of what the creator makes. The tiger is very experienced but in the wrong way. It is experience in the wrong way because it uses its experience for evil things. The image of the tiger is very frightful and not pleasant. The tiger is very cruel in one way or the other and does not care too much about other things or other people. In the poem The Sick Rose, the rose symbolizes experience. The invisible worm symbolizes the sadnes...

Free Essays on Oedipus Vs Faustus

and actions to discover Faustus’ pride, the willfulness of his falling from God, or his egotistic ambition to become his own god, they are outwardly and directly seen in everything he says and does. The opening Chorus describes the man, his intellectual excellence, and his fatal choice: †¦ swoll’n with cunning of a self-conceit, his waxen wings did mount above his reach, And melting heavens conspired his overthrow; For falling to devilish exercise And glutted now with learning’s golden gifts, He surfeits upon cursed necromancy. Nothing so sweet as magic is to him, Which he prefers before his chiefest bliss†¦ (Fau. Prologue. 20-27). This picture and the issue is clear enough; the allusion to Icarus is representative of Faustus’ career, while the alternative between â€Å"cursed necromacy† and â€Å"his chiefest bliss† is set forth as Faustus’ deliberate choice to choose magic. One by one Faustus examines the branches of higher learning as they were organized by the universities of his day: philosophy, medicine, law, and theology. One by one the fields of secular learning are rejected because their ends do not satisfy his demand, but notice what his demand is. He does not pursue for the sake of truth, but for power, superhuman power, the power over life and death. Of power, of honor, of omnipotence is promised to the studious artisan! All things that move between the quiet poles Shall be at my command. Emperors and kings are but obeyed in their several provinces, Nor can they raise the wind or rend the clouds, But his dominions that exceeds in this Stretcheth as far as doth the mind of m... Free Essays on Oedipus Vs Faustus Free Essays on Oedipus Vs Faustus Ignorance is Bliss Ignorance is bliss. It is mankind’s quest for true knowledge that plays as a prelude to our demise. This Aristotelian thought of seeking true knowledge when shared with power and pride can lead to ones downfall as seen through the plays of Doctor Faustus and Oedipus Rex. One does not have to look behind the words and actions to discover Faustus’ pride, the willfulness of his falling from God, or his egotistic ambition to become his own god, they are outwardly and directly seen in everything he says and does. The opening Chorus describes the man, his intellectual excellence, and his fatal choice: †¦ swoll’n with cunning of a self-conceit, his waxen wings did mount above his reach, And melting heavens conspired his overthrow; For falling to devilish exercise And glutted now with learning’s golden gifts, He surfeits upon cursed necromancy. Nothing so sweet as magic is to him, Which he prefers before his chiefest bliss†¦ (Fau. Prologue. 20-27). This picture and the issue is clear enough; the allusion to Icarus is representative of Faustus’ career, while the alternative between â€Å"cursed necromacy† and â€Å"his chiefest bliss† is set forth as Faustus’ deliberate choice to choose magic. One by one Faustus examines the branches of higher learning as they were organized by the universities of his day: philosophy, medicine, law, and theology. One by one the fields of secular learning are rejected because their ends do not satisfy his demand, but notice what his demand is. He does not pursue for the sake of truth, but for power, superhuman power, the power over life and death. Of power, of honor, of omnipotence is promised to the studious artisan! All things that move between the quiet poles Shall be at my command. Emperors and kings are but obeyed in their several provinces, Nor can they raise the wind or rend the clouds, But his dominions that exceeds in this Stretcheth as far as doth the mind of m...

Curved OLED TV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Curved OLED TV - Essay Example   If the business does not pick the first time as was expected, more time is needed to convince the customers on the need for the product in meeting their demands. Cites for marketing should also be changed to try new cites, like leaving rural areas and focusing on the urban centres where most people can afford. In addition, the customers that are targeted should be changed and try new targets like the young who are favourites of the premium content. The best method to deliver the message is through face-to-face communication. This is because the audience involves just one person, in this case, the boss. The complexity of the product, which is the television with the modern technology, needs demonstration and thorough explanation so that the boss can understand better. In addition, to convince the boss on the need to invest in this product passion, commitment and feelings are needed for the boss to understand. The sales pitch about the television is â€Å"Curved OLED TV is the lat est and the first curved television that provides premium services like face-booking, twitting, emailing, and many online services to everyone.     Moreover, its stand is crystal clear and rotates in a reflex angle of 160 degrees that allows everyone to view it from all corners of the house. The screen also provides a wide field of view, unlike the other LED televisions. Therefore, I urge everyone to stay updated using this excellent technology and have the real experience of the globe. Thanks, everybody.†Ã‚     

CoverGirl Cosmetics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CoverGirl Cosmetics - Research Paper Example Since, strong support of P&G is still behind the Cover Girl therefore this brand is still available in the shelves of cosmetics stores and is not seriously exposed to the risk of disappearing from make-up and cosmetics market. Since Cover Girl is among the umbrella of P&G’s billion dollar brands, therefore, the beauty sector of P&G which certainly includes Cover Girl as part of its beauty section. Overall if the beauty section of P &G is observed, this particular section has generated billion dollars brands which are truly the global market leaders in today’s beauty industry. Olay, Pantene, Head & Shoulder and several other brands contribute remarkably well in reflecting a beautiful picture of financial statements of P&G. These famous brands are the core cause behind this sound financial position of P&G. If some of the relevant ratios are taken into account in respect of beauty products of P&G, two ratios are highlighted in the financial statements of P&G for the year 2011. These two ratios are percentage of Net Sales and Percentage of Net Earnings. Coincidently, the value of both these ratios is computed to around 24%. If these ratios are analyzed in a bit detail, then it can be observed that P&G generated the sales of around $82.5 billion in the year 2010-11. Among these sales, 24% is contributed by the beauty products that P&G manufactures, which is the most revenues created by any sub-part of P&G. This shows how highly P&G is dependent on the beauty segment. Another ratio reflects the percentage of profitability that beauty segment earned in the period 2010-11 which is again 24%. This 24% means that among the profits of around $11.2 billion, 24% profit is earned due to the sales of beauty products of P&G. This clearly presents the importance of beauty products in the portfolio o f P&G. Since the Cover Girl is still seeking its place among the billion dollar brands, therefore, further 5 to 10 years might be needed for Cover Girl to grow on a bigger stage

Analyses of Articles on the Theme of Human Geography Assignment

Analyses of Articles on the Theme of Human Geography - Assignment Example In South Asia religion is diverse; Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism. India has a well educated middle class. There is a shortage of housing in urban areas. Early marriages and child labor are common. 72% of Indians live in rural areas (Sahni 2011). Some environmental issues include deforestation, wildlife extinction, urban population and natural hazards. Bangladesh experiences massive flooding during the cyclone season. India faces lot deforestation which has led to the extinction of some wildlife species. The number of women in India is decreasing due to the preference of men to women (Sahni 2011). In central Asia, Afghanistan is a landlocked country with a very harsh climate. There are very few sources of water and the available are polluted by industrial runoff. Forests have been cleared to give room for agriculture (Rogers 2010). Europe lies at a higher altitude which makes its climate milder. The languages spoken are diverse; Germanic, romance, Slavic, Basque, Finish, Hungarian and Estonian. There is religious diversity which includes Islam, Secularism, Christianity, and Judaism. The population, in general, is declining due to a variety of factors such as increased wealth making small families a choice, women entering the workforce and housing shortages. The Alps in Europe are a sight to behold. They span into three countries namely Italy, Austria, and Switzerland. The increase in avalanches can be attributed to climate change in Europe (thestar.blogs.com). East Asia comprises of four countries; China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan. China’s physical geography ranges from mountains, rivers, valleys, and basins in the southern part. 85% of Japan’s terrain is mountainous covered with forests. Industrial pollution affects the region’s environment. Another environmental hazard that faces East Asia region is earthquakes (New York Times, 2010).

Human resources are how a business recruits Essay Example for Free

Human resources are how a business recruits Essay Human resources are how a business recruits, retains and manages key features and functions of their employees. If businesses are to obtain their objectives, they must plan their human resources function so they have the right number of employees with the right kinds of qualifications and training to meet the needs of the business. Human resources use different approaches to all the different aspects of human resource planning and management. Human resource planning Businesses have to plan carefully to ensure that they have the right number of suitable employees for their needs. To do this they need a good understanding of the labour market in the areas where they operate. Human resource planning also involves looking at how labour is organised within the business. A range of factors when making decisions about staffing from the labour market includes; * Labour turnover * Sickness and accident rates * Age, Skills and Training * Succession In an ideal world businesses should plan ahead when it comes to human resources. A well-organised business will have forecasts and projections of its future staffing needs. These will then be matched to forecasts and projections about the local labour market, which means that the business can develop appropriate strategies for the recruitment, training and development of its staff. Recruitment and selection Recruitment and selection is a well-worn topic, which is treated fully in all major texts. There is always a tension between getting the right person for a job and how much resource in terms of time and money is devoted to recruitment. Businesses recruit staff for a variety of reasons. These can include: * The growth or reconstruction of the business * Changing job roles within a business * Filling vacancies created by resignation, retirement and dismissal * Internal promotion The recruitment process can be costly, in terms of resources devoted to the process and costs associated with recruiting poor performing staff. Therefore, it is important to select accurately people for interview. Businesses need to be very clear about the requirements of the job and about the kind of person they are looking for. This is done in several ways; * Preparing person specifications and job descriptions * Carefully planning how, when and where to advertise * Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of job applications, curriculum vitae and letters of application * Short-listing candidates Training and development Training and development are currently big issues for many businesses in most parts of the country, especially where there are low rates of unemployment. Moreover, more and more businesses are realising that if they fail to invest in training and development they will become uncompetitive. Training and development includes the following; * Induction training * Mentoring * Coaching * Apprenticeships * In-House training * External Training * Recognition of prior learning (RPL) and/or accreditation of prior learning (APL) and accreditation of prior experience and learning (APEL). Performance management Performance management refers to different strategies designed to get the best of a business work force. Different techniques are employed which attempt to relate performance with pay, or promotion or training. Such schemes are not always popular with workers. The following are methods that businesses use to manage the performance of their employees; * Performance reviews including appraisals * Self-evaluation * Peer evaluation * Target setting of individuals and groups. The labour Market Sainsburys constantly monitor the labour market to see any trends in each sector. They use local and national surveys to gather this information. Information gathered is them allocated to the departments that it would suit the best and what people are looking for. For example Sainsburys may be looking for trained bakers and fishmongers, as it is a rare profession. They may also look to see if anyone may reach this profession with a small amount of training, they may investigate if the opportunity cost of training them is viable. If Sainsburys needed a fishmonger and there was one available then they would have to pay them a decent amount of money to be able to acquire their services. This is because they are quite rare to find and may easily be coaxed into another job with money. They may also try to keep these professionals for a long time in one store so that the job in done with consistency. As sainsburys require a high standard they may send them to an off site training course to build up their knowledge of a certain area. Changing features in the market trends makes it hard for firms such as Sainsburys to find the staff they want for specific hi-skilled jobs. This may because there is an increase in professional and managerial work and a decrease in unskilled and semi-skilled work. Also people such as Bakers may have learnt new skills to enter different sections of the labour market. For example a Baker may have had enough of his job, taken an evening class in management, gained qualifications other than baking and joined a more managerial part of the team. Sainsburys need to look hard at the staff they acquire from agencies and applications and think hard about if it would be worth training them up for a specific job. They have to pick them up at exactly the right time. This means that they have to get them before they go elsewhere but have to be wary of them getting trained at great expense to sainsburys and then leaving for a job with better job satisfaction or better money. They have t get the balance just right unless it could prove costly. If Sainsburys employ new staff they may have to restructure the departments, this may prove popular with some staff but unpopular with others. Sainsburys have to think about management structures becoming flatter as a result of greater development of responsibilities and how hierarchies are being replaced by team working. Demographics show that the UK workforce is aging. This can be taken as a good aspect but also as a bad one. Some advantages of having an ageing workforce are that: * They know their job inside out and know how to deal with certain situations. * They have plenty of experience and may be able to offer light on problems which younger staff may have never encountered before. * It may be more reassuring to the customer to see an well experienced person doing the job rather then a young face straight out of school. Some disadvantages of having an ageing workforce are that: * As people get older they may be more susceptible to illness and take more time off. * With new computer equipment they may have to be sent on an expensive training course to learn new ways of working. * They may not be as motivated as younger staff as they are happy with their jobs and realise that they may not be doing it much longer. They may also not want to go for promotions, as they do not want to be bothered with the stress of the modern workplace. There is a steady decline in Primary and manufacturing sectors and an increase in service sector employment. This may work in sainsburys favour as they have positions for all sorts of people in all different sectors. There are a lot of people wanting to do the jobs where you do not need as much experience such as till manning and shelf stacking but they also have room for people with experience such as the butchers and bakers. As there is such a lot of people wanting to take on the less experience needed jobs the employees in these positions have to try and make a good impression and try hard as they know that there is always someone around the corner waiting for their job. This may boost Sainsburys productivity and customer relations. There are increasing numbers of women being qualified in previously mans work. More and more women are being trained as butchers and fishmongers. Women are now holding more high skilled positions now also, for example it would not be uncommon to ask to see the manager and a women to walk out and speak to you. This may seem strange to older generations who may still believe that it should be a mans job. The education and training system is undergoing a change. There has been a major expansion in further and higher education and the development of more flexible vocational training structures. This allows more part-time and mature students to gain higher qualifications. This may also allow them to train whilst working, improving there skills for an in-house vacancy. Part-time students make up a large proportion of Sainsburys workforce. This is because they can work flexible hours and are willing to learn. They may also not mind doing low skilled jobs as they need the money and know that they may not be doing that job forever as they are studying at a high level, having these people on their books may be an advantage to Sainsburys as if they are good they may placed in the running for higher positions. When they finish their higher education weather it be A-Levels or Degree they may give them a chance to move up the ladder. This may seem promising to the employee who already has friends there and knows the set up. They may also like it as it saves them the hassle of finding a completely new job. The sectors that are forecast to expand are those, which have grown since the early 1980s. The exception is construction, where employment is forecast to fall 4.2%. The largest absolute increase in employment is in public services. The majority of new jobs are to be in education and health, which is an area, which has seen significant growth since the early 1980s. Financial and Business services are expected to show the fastest percentage growth. Business services are expected to be the strongest performer in this sector with employment growth at 2.5% per year whilst a fall is forecast in financial services. Manufacturing is set to see further productivity gains, which may lead to falls in unemployment. Norwichs Economy * One third of all the jobs in Norfolk are within the Norwich city council area. This totals up to 94,000 people. * Half the jobs in Norfolk are within the greater Norwich area. Employment in Norwich has grown over the last 6 years, but more slowly than the UK as a whole. * Over 90% of Norwich companies employ less than 50 people but over half of the Norwich workforce are employed in the 66 largest companies and organisations such as Norwich Union and Mash. * More than 50,000 people travel into Norwich each day to work, from the surrounding area. * The average earnings of full-time employees in Norwich (Excluding overtime) are just over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10 per hour, which is below the national average of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½11.18 per hour. * Between 1995 and 2000 employment grew fastest in financial services, public sector and construction. * In the next few years most jobs are likely to be created within Norwich in business services, hotels and catering, retailing, banking and insurance and construction. There will be a long-term demand for construction skills creating sustainable jobs. * Tourism is growing fast and currently provides 5,600 jobs in Norwich Trends in employment 1997-2007(predictions) 1997 2007 Increasing involvement of Women Female share of total employment 46.5% 48.2% Female share of employees in employment 49.7% 51.7% More Working part-time Part-time share of employees in employment 29.1% 31.2% More self-employed Self employed share of total employment 13.0% 15.2% Supply and Demand graph for Wage Rates S WR1 WR = Wage Rate Sk = Skills WR D2 D Sk Sk1 As you can see as the demand for high skilled people goes up so does the wages they will be getting paid. Supply of Labour S2 S WR = Wage WR2 Rate L = Labour WR D L2 L If the supply of labour decreases then the wage rate will increase. Minimum Wage rate S WR2 WR1 D Q2 Q1 If a minimum wage is introduced which is higher than the wage rate the demand for labour falls Training and Development The aim of training a person is to permanently change their ability. Improving their knowledge, experience and skills does this. To start you off at Sainsburys you are given an induction. This tells you the basics of your job and allows you to do it. Induction programmes are designed to familiarise new recruits with the layout, security systems and about health and safety within the company. To inspire new recruits they may be introduced to key personnel. Sainsburys hold policy interviews, one review happens at 3 weeks, one at 7 weeks and then again at 11 weeks. Sainsburys holds in-house training and coaching in each branch. They also have a How well and I doing? handbook which they give to each employee. This can map out paths and set targets, different for each section on the company. The targets set are: * Measurable * Specific * Time-related * Agreed * Realistic These are set at 6-month periods. The workbooks, which are used for technical training, coach trainees on a specific part of their job. They help them understand what they have got to do and how they have got to do it. For example training for a checkout operator may be given on a dummy checkout and they on a real one serving customers but with supervision. Each store trains its own staff at their job; training centres are used for external training, which may be specific to a persons job such as health and safety or food hygiene. These parts of training may also involve passing an exam and gaining a qualification. The in store training organiser may not be qualified to teach this. External training may also occur when the trainee is learning a specialist subject. For example a fishmonger may be sent to a special training-centre especially for fishmongers. I believe that Sainsburys send their head fishmongers to a centre in London. Sainsburys also has a training room where training videos are shown to trainees. These may be in general subjects such as customer relations. This is very handy as videos can be shown to a trainee as many times as it takes and at very little cost. Also the audience can be selected and many trained at a time. Sainsburys also has a computer on which there are training programs, these give training and also provide a test, which they have to pass.

Report on Arcadias TOPMAN Essay -- Arcadia Business Management Essays

Report on Arcadia’s TOPMAN Introduction On the following pages you will find a formal report investigating Arcadia’s TOPMAN. It is a detailed report looking into several different areas of TOPMAN. In this report you will find information about: - The businesses legal status - The businesses objectives - The different department within the business and what they do - The management style the business uses - The culture the business has - The ICT used in the business - The types of communication used in the business There are at several different types of business the main ones being sole trader, partnership, private limited company, public limited company and franchise. All of the above company types are slightly different from each other. A sole trader is a company that is owned by one person. They are their own boss, they make their own decisions, all the profit that the business makes they have, they have the freedom that you don’t get when you are working for someone and a sole trader business is easy to set up. Also being a sole trader has disadvantages, the owner has to deal with all of the loss of the company (unlimited liability), they have to work long hours because they have to run the business them selves, they have fewer holidays than you would working for someone because they have to do everything them selves, getting money to start up a sole trader business can sometimes be hard because if a loan was needed banks hesitate when giving sole traders a loan because a very few amount of sole trader business succeed, they usually go out of business in the first year of trading. A partnership is a company that has to be owned by between two and twenty people. Investors in a partnership company can decide to join the company as a sleeping partner which is a person who invests money into the business but takes no part in the running, because there are lots of people running the business all the experience that every member of the workforce can be shared, all of the workload that needs to be don’t can also be shared, all of the loss or expenses can be shared between all of the partners therefore there would be a less amount to pay, the money that is needed to start the business can be made easier because there is a lot more people to combine there money together, also getting a... ... in higher profit turnover. Not only was the version 5 till system a strength but it also created a weakness, when the till system was first introduced for the first 4 weeks there were a lot of problems with them, they started, working extremely slow, declining most cards that customers wanted to pay with, freezing. All of the above problems caused TOPMAN to loose a lot of customers, when these problems happened the till had to be re-booted which took on aerage 10-15 minutes and customers used to get fed up and leave. Communication in TOPMAN is highly important when it comes to meeting there objectives, because TOPMAN has so many departments that are spread out all over England it is extremely hard to communication with everyone, but it is important. TOPMAN has developed several ways to effectively communicate with all of them departments whether it’s through e-mail, or telephone TOPMAN has a way to communicate with every person in the business at any time. So the communication in TOPMAN is very effective and helps TOPMAN achieve all of its objectives by providing every member of staff with the option to communicate with anyone they need at any time.

Individual Behavior Essay

Individual behavior differs from person to person and most differences are based on the background of the individual. Some elements that can affect ones background to influence their individual behavior can include religion, age, occupation, values and attitude differences, gender, and even ethnicity. These individual behaviors can cause people to act differently to situations and can create friction or even chemistry in the work place. The age of a person can be a large factor in the way they behave. There are studies that prove maturity can come at different ages but in most cases maturity is something that is learned and grown into. Age in a work place can work against someone or for them. A young age can be a downfall if there is lack of maturity and experience and old age can be a downfall due to lack of energy or knowledge of new technologies. With that being said I think that it is important that age should not be the deciding factor as to how someone will act. There are many young people who have the maturity to carry many responsibilities and show good individual behavior. Some older individuals have adapted their behavior to fit more suitable into the technologies that have developed over the past few years. More and more people are on Facebook (www. facebook. com) than ever, and it is common to see individuals of all ages on the popular website. You can also find with age individuals depending on their age will have their priorities in different orders. The occupation of a person can also attribute to their individual behavior. For example say there is an individual who works in the public eye like a Senator or Congressman, they are going to be more careful for the things that they say and do because they will not wish the media to catch wind and bring them in a negative media down pour about the situation. When you work in the lime light you have to be cautious about your wording and your actions. There are many occupations that are not in the public eye that also has to think about their individual behavior and make sure that they set a good example because of their occupation. Take a teacher for example it is very important that they do not act in an bad individual behavior because it can have an affect on their job. For instant it would be bad to post pictures of yourself drunk to a popular social networking sight if you are a teacher because you are to be a role model and that is individual behavior that you should not wish your students to witness. Many professionals will maintain their professional behavior when they are dealing with their work and with their lives. Professional behavior usually consists of being calm and thinking your actions and words through before acting upon them. Many professionals also like to make educated guesses instead of sporadic leaps into new things. Many individuals will learn their professionalism from their occupation and it is something that they can carry over into their individual behavior. Religion is a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of life and the universe, especially when considered as the creation of a supernatural agency,[1] or human beings’ relation to that which they regard as holy, sacred, spiritual, or divine. [2] Many religions have narratives, symbols, traditions and sacred histories that are intended to give meaning to life. They tend to derive morality, ethics, religious laws or a preferred lifestyle from their ideas about the cosmos and human nature (www. wikipedia. com). That definition alone can should one how religion could influence someone’s individual behavior. Unlike the other elements religion is something, for the most part, that can be chosen by the individual. A person can be brought up with religious beliefs, can adapt to the beliefs, and can even change their religious beliefs. A religion can have strict guidelines as to how their followers should behave some may even have diets or wardrobe requirements that can affect their individual behavior. Values can run hand in hand with religion on some basis. Many religions have a foundation on values and morals that their followers should abide by. When a situation occurs and a decision needs to be made you can understand a lot about a person by their individual behavior. It is usually the person’s values or morals that help them make the decision on what action to take when the situation presented itself. Attitudes about differences can affect ones individual behavior. Someone who is high strung can tend to have a little more dramatic attitudes about differences opposed to a laidback individual who has a peaceful nature and can tend to look at differences with a positive. When attitudes turn negative ones individual behavior can become defenseful, frightful, or even protective. In conclusion there are many parts that tie together to create an individual behavior and those behaviors can be influenced by many different elements. Although many individuals can have common elements in their background it is hard to find an individual behavior that is the exact same. Individual behavior can show a lot about the way a person was brought up, their beliefs, age, and even gender. It can show their religious beliefs or just their attitude but it is certain that one’s individual behavior is something that the individual chooses for their self. It is a way they like to act regarding to a situation.